Quick Ways to Manage Abnormal Blood Sugar Levels

Abnormal Blood Sugar Levels

Are you familiar with the blood sugar roller coaster? High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) and low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) both can throw your body off balance. These conditions arise due to fluctuations in levels of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps maintain your glucose levels. This can also lead to severe complications over time.  

There are different ways to maintain optimum levels of blood sugar. Overcoming high blood sugar involves a healthy diet, exercise, and stress management. When your sugar levels take a nosedive, grab some fast-acting carbohydrates like fruit juice or glucose tablets and maintain a balanced eating schedule.  

Regular monitoring and medical consultation are recommended for the effective management of both conditions. Let us take a look at how to manage high and low blood sugar levels.

What Is Hyperglycaemia?

A hyperglycaemic state in the body occurs when blood sugar (glucose) levels are extremely high in individuals with diabetes due to too little insulin or if the body cannot store sufficient insulin properly. Blood sugar levels above 180 mg/dL, one to two hours after consuming food, is considered to be hyperglycaemia in people with diabetes.  

This may vary in association with targeted blood sugar levels. For people who do not have diabetes, a blood glucose level above 125 mg/dL while fasting indicates hyperglycaemia. When blood sugar levels are very high (> 300) for quite some time patients may have symptoms of hyperglycaemia

• Frequent urination
• Feeling extremely thirsty
• Feeling tired or weak  
• Losing weight
• Blurry vision  

Increased blood sugar levels for extended periods of time can lead to severe and life-threatening complications including:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis: This is a life-threatening complication of diabetes, in which the body produces excess ketones.
• Diabetic retinopathy: You may experience issues with your eyesight or permanent damage to your eyes.  
• Peripheral neuropathy: In this condition, there can be permanent damage to the nerves in your feet and hands. 

A Few Tips to Help With Hyperglycaemic Episodes

Some tips to help manage hyperglycaemia immediately include:

• Insulin administration: Treating hyperglycaemia in individuals with diabetes often involves injected insulin. The required insulin dosage differs for each person and is determined by their healthcare provider. Insulin administration is crucial for effectively addressing and preventing high blood sugar levels.
• Dietary changes: Making dietary adjustments is important for managing blood sugar levels and preventing further episodes of hyperglycaemia.
• Physical activity: Following exercise plans can also aid in blood sugar management and prevent future episodes of high blood sugar.

What Is Hypoglycaemia?

Hypoglycaemia occurs when your blood sugar levels drop below the normal range. It is commonly seen in people with type 1 diabetes and also in Type-2 DM who are on insulin. This occurs due to the injection of too much synthetic insulin, excess insulin produced by the body, or certain metabolic disorders.  

For individuals with diabetes, a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL is considered a hypoglycaemic state.

Let’s take a look at symptoms that indicate you may be experiencing low sugar levels. Common symptoms are:

• Hunger
• Sweating
• Shaking
• Dizziness
• Irritability or confusion
• Nervousness or anxiety. 

Like hyperglycaemia, extended hypoglycaemic periods can lead to severe complications such as:  

• Cardiac arrest
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Permanent brain damage
• Multiple organ failure
• Coma
• Death

Remember, driving or operating any heavy machinery while having low blood glucose levels can be dangerous as it can lead to accidents. Therefore, always ensure that your blood sugar levels are in the normal range before operating heavy machinery.

A Few Tips to Manage Hypoglycaemia

For the immediate treatment of low blood sugar levels, the American Diabetes Association provides a 15-15 rule. According to the rule, if your blood glucose level is between 55-69 mg/dL, you should consume 15 grams of carbohydrates (sugar). This should be followed by checking your blood sugar levels after 15 minutes. 

5 Some food items that contain 15 grams of carbohydrates are:  

• Sweeteners like sugar, honey, or syrup, 1 tablespoon.
• A serving of juice or regular soda, typically 4 ounces or half a cup.
• Hard candies, jellybeans, or gumdrops; however, you should check the food label for recommended quantities.
• Glucose gel, typically one tube; however, make sure you follow the provided instructions.
• Glucose tablets, usually 3-4 tablets, can be taken as directed. 

If your blood glucose level is still not back in the normal range after 15 minutes, you can repeat the steps mentioned above once again. 

On the other hand, if your blood sugar levels are severely below the range, that is, below 55 mg/dL, then the 15-15 rule will not be helpful. Injectable glucagon is the best way to treat severe hypoglycaemia. It is necessary to contact your doctor in case of severe hypoglycaemia.

Conclusion

If you have frequent episodes of hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia, remember to share your blood sugar levels, physical activity, insulin, and dietary habits with your doctor.  

Managing high and low blood sugar levels is crucial for maintaining optimal health. Whether it is through medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of both, individuals can take control of their blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring, followed by a balanced diet, engaging in physical activity, and seeking medical guidance are key to managing these conditions. With proper management, individuals can decrease the risks associated with high and low blood sugar levels, leading to improved overall well-being.