Diabetes — A Slow Poison

Diabetes, a relentless and insidious condition, has been aptly likened to a slow poison that gradually weakens one's well-being if not controlled well. Afflicting millions worldwide, it disrupts the delicate balance of blood glucose levels, gradually creating havoc on multiple organs and systems.

This metabolic disorder, often caused by genetic and lifestyle factors, impairs the production or utilisation of insulin, leading to chronic hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar levels). Over time, diabetes silently inflicts damage on cardiovascular health, kidney function, vision, and nerve integrity. Diabetes demands careful and immediate management to mitigate its long-term effects.

What Do You Need to Know About Diabetes

Diabetes occurs when blood sugar (glucose) is too high due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas and it regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. If there is a decrease in insulin production, it can lead to the build-up of glucose and, subsequently, cause high blood sugar levels. It affects people of all ages and is typically a lifelong condition. Even though diabetes can be managed through medications and lifestyle changes, late diagnosis or improper management can lead to several consequences.

Diabetes can be classified into two types, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It affects about 10% of people with diabetes and is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it. It is the most common type and is seen in adults but can also occur in children.

Why Is Diabetes Considered a Slow Poison?

In many individuals, especially in the initial stages of diabetes, blood glucose levels gradually rise but symptoms may not manifest immediately. Thus, they remain unaware of their condition as the disease silently progresses until it is diagnosed at a routine checkup.

This lack of obvious signs makes early detection challenging, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. However, during this quiet phase, the underlying mechanisms of diabetes continue to wreak havoc on the body.

As the disease progresses, uncontrolled diabetes can affect various organs and systems, leading to severe long-term consequences.

Let us look at a few complications of diabetes.

• Gum problems: Excessive sugar in the bloodstream promotes the growth of bacteria that damage the gums and cause infections. The bacteria generate acid, which can erode tooth enamel and also cause cavities.
• Skin problems: People with diabetes are prone to skin-related problems. Changes or alterations in small blood vessels and diminished circulation can occur due to diabetes. Additionally, individuals with diabetes may also have skin infections.
• Sexual problems: High blood sugar can cause sexual problems in both women and men. In women, it can lead to reduced sensation and a high risk of urinary tract infections or thrush. In men, it can result in challenges with arousal and erectile dysfunction
• Diabetic foot issues: Individuals with diabetes frequently encounter foot-related complications. They are more prone to developing foot deformities, ulcers, and infections. Failure to promptly address a foot ulcer or blister in a person with diabetes can lead to infection. In severe cases, surgical intervention, such as toe, foot, or partial leg amputation, may be necessary to prevent the infection from spreading.
• Diabetic retinopathy: It weakens the blood vessels in the retina of the eye. Retinopathy is of two types – non-proliferative, in which the blood vessels leak and close, leading to poor blood flow, and proliferative, in which there is growth of abnormal vessels. Both types of retinopathy lead to vision loss if not treated.
• Diabetic nephropathy: Diabetic nephropathy, or diabetes-related kidney disease, occurs when the kidneys are affected by diabetes. High blood glucose levels damage the kidneys and hinder proper fluid filtration. As a result, toxins build up in the body instead of being eliminated through urine.
• Diabetic neuropathy: Nerve damage, also known as neuropathy, can occur in individuals with diabetes because of complications arising from elevated blood sugar levels. This condition hampers the ability of nerves to transmit signals between the brain and various parts of the body. This leads to potential impact on vision, sensation, hearing, and movement.
• Heart attack and stroke: Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of heart attack and stroke due to prolonged periods of elevated blood sugar levels damaging their blood vessels.

How Can You Delay or Manage Diabetic Complications?

You can delay the onset of diabetic complications by following these tips:

1. Stop Smoking

Smoking hinders the flow of blood to organs like your feet and heart. This can lead to severe cardiovascular complications and foot issues. Along with taking properly prescribed medication, you need to avoid smoking to prevent these diabetes complications.

2. Stay Active

Increasing your physical activity and staying consistent with them can help delay the complications of diabetes.

3. Healthy Eating

Choosing healthier foods can have numerous health benefits, including weight loss, the reduction of fats like cholesterol in the bloodstream, and better blood pressure management. By making conscious choices about what you eat, you can positively impact multiple aspects of your overall health, including controlling blood sugar and delaying diabetic complications.

4. Manage Your Diabetes and Follow Up With Your Doctor Regularly

Maintaining your HbA1c within the target range is crucial to reduce diabetes complications. If your blood sugar levels are rising, consult your doctor for potential treatment adjustments. Regular tests and check-ups are essential to monitor your diabetes and identify any issues or support needed. Stay informed about your health risks and progress for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Early detection, regular monitoring, medication adherence, healthy lifestyle choices, and effective communication with healthcare professionals are vital to escape this slow poison called diabetes. By taking proactive steps, individuals can lessen the impact of diabetes, and lead a healthier and more fulfilling life despite the challenges faced.