How to Exfoliate Your Skin at Home

Ever felt your skin is dull, even after your daily CTM routine? It’s probably because of the increased pollution, the dust and grime on the skin that’s dimming your shine. Exfoliation can be a great way to renew the appearance of the skin.

Although exfoliation is not a new concept in the skincare regime, people often find it difficult to choose exfoliators based on skin type. How to exfoliate your skin should be learnt as it is an important step in skincare. Over-exfoliating can do more harm than good- it can damage your skin, and cause redness or acne breakouts.

Exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells, unclog pores and improve the overall texture and appearance of your skin.

We are here to guide you on exfoliating dry skin, oily skin, combination or sensitive skin, understanding the benefits of exfoliation, and how to do it right. Read on to understand how to exfoliate your skin at home.

How to exfoliate?

• The benefits of exfoliating the skin include the removal of clogged pores, dry patches, white flakes and breakouts, getting rid of dead skin cells, making your skin even and smooth, unclogging the pores, stimulating collagen production and reducing fine lines etc.
• The method you choose for exfoliation should be guided by your skin type.
• There are two main methods for at-home exfoliation

1. Mechanical exfoliation or physical exfoliation
2. Chemical exfoliation

1. Mechanical exfoliation

• Mechanical exfoliation uses a tool, such as a brush or sponge, or scrub with small particles or grains to physically remove dead skin cells.
• Physical exfoliation face should be done with gentle exfoliants with round, smooth particles to avoid microtears in the skin.
• Be careful while physically scrubbing as it can cause skin irritation, strip the skin on your face of its natural oils and lead to breakouts.
• Physical exfoliation induces immediate desquamation, which in some cases can produce a temporary disruption of the skin barrier, resulting in increased transepidermal water loss.

2. Chemical exfoliation

• Chemical exfoliation uses chemicals, such as alpha and beta hydroxy acids, to gently dissolve dead skin cells.
• AHAs are great for surface exfoliation, while BHAs penetrate pores and are great oily skin exfoliator and is suitable for acne-prone skin.
• Concentrations above 10% to 15% in the case of AHA and 2% in β-hydroxy acid require professional administration; however, concentrations below this threshold may be safely used at home regularly.

So let’s know more about how to exfoliate your skin:

• Choose the right exfoliant, one that suits your skin type and concerns.
• Before exfoliating, cleanse your face with a mild cleanser to remove any dirt, makeup, or excess oils. The benefits of exfoliating the face are more prominent with cleansing.
• If physically exfoliating, apply the scrub on a damp face in a circular motion upwards without much pressure—massage for a few minutes focusing on areas that are prone to roughness or congestion. Avoid the delicate eye area, rinse off well with lukewarm water and pat dry. Apply moisturiser immediately.
• Chemical exfoliation requires a patch test before using the product to check the response of your skin. If using for the first time use a milder exfoliant which has a lower concentration of the actives.
• Alpha hydroxy acids include ingredients like glycolic and citric acids, and beta hydroxy acids include salicylic acid.
• Apply a small amount of the chemical exfoliant to your cleansed face, avoiding the eye area. Read the label and understand how to use it, regarding application time and frequency. Rinse it well if it is mentioned in the package. Follow up with a soothing and hydrating moisturizer to lock in moisture and soothe the skin.

How often should you exfoliate your skin

• Your skin renews itself for about 30 days, but if the old cells remain on the surface and build up, it causes a flat, dull appearance, blemishes, and scaling.
• The frequency of exfoliation depends on your skin type, the type of exfoliant you're using, and any specific skin concerns you may have.
• If you have relatively balanced and non-sensitive skin, you can exfoliate about 2-3 times a week. This can help maintain your skin's texture and radiance without overdoing it.
• For dry or sensitive skin types, how often should you use chemical exfoliant- is not more than once a week as these skin are prone to dryness or sensitivity.
• Oily skin type can exfoliate up to 3 times a week. BHA (salicylic acid) can be an effective exfoliator for oily face and acne-prone skin.
• Combination skin with oily T-zone and drier cheeks can exfoliate 2-3 times a week.
• If you notice redness, irritation, excessive dryness, or an increase in breakouts after exfoliating, discard the product or choose another milder product for your skin type.
• The exfoliation requirement is different in seasons. Colder months require less frequent exfoliation as the skin is dry and sensitive, and warmer months need more frequent exfoliation as it is oilier.
• Always confirm your skin type, do a patch test and then start using a product. Better, you can consult a dermatologist who can give personalised recommendations.
• Always be patient, choose a milder strength and gradually increase the frequency of exfoliation if your skin tolerates it well.

What are the benefits of exfoliating your skin

Exfoliating the skin is important in the skincare regime. If all the goodness of the products you are applying on the face is blocked due to the accumulation of dead cells, it’s a total waste of time, energy and money, right?

Exfoliating your skin offers a range of benefits that contribute to healthier, smoother, and more radiant skin. You can visibly notice the change if you exfoliate skin before and after.

• Exfoliation is important for removing the dead skin cells that dull your face, giving you a refreshed look.
• By getting rid of dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover, exfoliation helps to improve the texture of your skin. It gives that smooth, silky feel to the skin.
• Blackheads and acne form when dead skin cells, dirt, and sebum accumulate in your pores. Exfoliating unclogs the pores, minimising the acne breakouts.
• Exfoliation provides you with a new layer of skin that can absorb the skincare products you apply. Serums, moisturizers and other treatments are better absorbed deeply into the skin.
• Regular exfoliation encourages the turnover of skin cells, so it helps in the reduction of hyperpigmentation/ dark spots caused by sun damage, acne scars, or other skin conditions.
• Exfoliating can help prevent the development of ingrown hairs in places where hair is removed/shaved/ waxed. The strawberry legs caused due to the ingrown hair can be removed by the exfoliation.
• Exfoliation can stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the skin's firmness and elasticity, thus giving you a more youthful look.
• Exfoliating before shaving can help prevent ingrown hairs and provide a smoother surface for your razor.
• Physical exfoliation also ensures that the blood circulation to the skin is improved due to the circular massage that you give the skin while applying the product.

Why is it important to exfoliate based on your skin type?

• Exfoliating based on your skin type is important because different skin types have varying levels of sensitivity, oiliness, and overall tolerance to exfoliation.
• Every type of exfoliation is not necessarily effective for every skin type, so it’s important to consider your skin type for exfoliation to give it customized care and protection.
• Skin type is determined based on the amount of water in your skin, which affects its comfort and elasticity, and oil content which affects its softness and its sensitivity.
• According to AAD, the five skin types should be considered before using the product -

1. Sensitive skin may sting or burn after product use
2. Normal skin is clear and not sensitive
3. Dry skin is flaky, itchy or rough
4. Oily skin is shiny and greasy
5. Combination skin is dry in some areas and oily in others

• Using the right exfoliation approach for your skin type maximizes the benefits while minimizing the risk of irritation or other negative effects.

How to exfoliate your skin using the right type of exfoliators is crucial:

• If the products that you are using are too harsh for your skin type, you might strip away the protective barrier and disrupt your skin's natural balance. It causes over-exfoliation which leads to skin irritation, redness, dryness, and even breakouts.
• The right type of exfoliation targets specific issues of the skin. Oily or acne-prone skin may benefit from exfoliation to unclog pores and prevent breakouts, while dry skin might need exfoliation to remove dead skin cells and enhance moisture absorption.
• Exfoliating too aggressively on already oily skin can trigger your skin to produce even more oil in an attempt to compensate for moisture loss. In dry skin it can strip off the moisture, so exfoliating for dry skin should be done with a gentle exfoliator and not more than once a week.
• Sensitive skin tends to react more strongly to certain skincare ingredients and techniques. So exfoliators for sensitive skin should be milder and reducing the frequency can help prevent redness and irritation.
• It’s a no-brainer, once you understand your skin type and the type of exfoliator that suits you. It becomes part of a well-rounded skincare routine, providing your skin with the right level of care.

How to exfoliate your skin at home based on your skin type

• How to exfoliate your skin at home safely is often probed by everyone because it is rather expensive to go to salons, get exfoliants or a dermatologist to do the procedure.
• Another uncertainty is about whether to exfoliate on dry or wet skin! It depends on the type of exfoliant you are using. Here are some pointers that will help in enhancing the benefits of exfoliating the skin:

1. When using physical exfoliants like scrubs, wetting the skin with water can help soften the skin and the exfoliating particles, reducing the potential for abrasion and therefore reducing chances of over-exfoliation or microtears and irritation.
2. Do this for about 30 seconds, and then rinse off with lukewarm water.
3. Applying a physical scrub on wet skin can create a smoother and more even texture, making it easier to distribute the product across your face.
4. Dry brushing of the skin can be done on dry skin using a body brush, Also use a washcloth, sponge, or glove to exfoliate your arms and legs.
5. On the other hand, exfoliating on dry skin is often recommended when using chemical exfoliants like AHAs and BHAs as it allows them to penetrate more effectively, as there's no water to dilute the active ingredients and stay in direct contact with your skin, maximizing their effectiveness.
6. Apply moisturizer immediately after exfoliating to keep your skin healthy and hydrated.
7. Avoid using retinoid creams or products containing retinol or benzoyl peroxide when you exfoliate, as it may worsen dry skin or even cause acne breakouts.

Now that you have understood about the exfoliation tips, we will now explore the How to exfoliate your skin at home based on the skin type:

1. Exfoliating for dry skin

• Exfoliants for dry skin should be gentle to prevent irritation.
• Exfoliate once a week or every other week.
• The best exfoliation for dry skin is a chemical exfoliant with AHAs, as they are mild, and effective for dry skin.
• The best chemical exfoliants for dry skin are glycolic acid or lactic acid. Choose lower concentrations in the beginning to minimize the risk of irritation.
• You can also use exfoliating toners for dry skin like toners with glycerin, hyaluronic acid, rosewater, or aloe. These ingredients add moisture to the skin while balancing the skin’s tone.
• Apply a small amount of the best dry skin exfoliator to cleansed skin. Leave it on for the recommended time and then rinse thoroughly.
• Apply a rich moisturizer to replenish hydration and soothe the skin. Use sunscreen during the day to protect your skin from the sun.

2. Exfoliating for oily skin

• Oily skin can benefit from regular exfoliation to unclog pores and manage breakouts.
• Exfoliate 2-3 times a week.
• Oily or thicker skin can do physical exfoliation and brushing too. The best exfoliating face scrub for oily skin is gentle on the skin and doesn’t contain any abrasive particles, leaving you feeling refreshed immediately after use.
• A chemical exfoliant with BHAs (salicylic acid) is- an exfoliator for oily skin.
• BHA, an exfoliator for oily face penetrate pores and help control excess oil and acne.
• How to exfoliate oily face- Apply the BHA exfoliant to cleansed, dry skin. Wait for a few minutes to allow it to penetrate, and then follow up with a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer and a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day.

3. Exfoliating for combination skin

• Combination skin includes areas that are dry as well as oily. The T-zone is commonly oily and the cheeks are dry or normal.
• This type of skin varies during different seasons of the year, stress or hormone fluctuation.
• Combination skin requires a balanced method using physical and chemical exfoliation together.
• Exfoliate 2-3 times a week, adjusting the frequency based on different areas of your face.
• Opt for a gentle chemical exfoliator for combination skin with AHAs, a mild physical exfoliant to cater to both the dry and oily parts of your face.
• Apply the chosen exfoliant to the skin and gently massage in circular motions or as per recommended directions of usage.
• Apply a moisturizer suitable for your skin and sunscreen during the day.

4. Exfoliating for sensitive skin

• Sensitive skin appears red and feels like it's burning, itching, or dry with dyes or fragrances or any environmental factors. So how to exfoliate sensitive skin? Physical exfoliant vs chemical exfoliant, which is more suitable for sensitive skin? Read on to know more.
• Mechanical exfoliation like face scrub for sensitive skin is a strict no-no. It can only exacerbate the irritation and redness of the skin.
• Sensitive skin should choose gentler options for exfoliation, like a chemical exfoliator for beginners with a low percentage of an AHA or BHA, or a chemical exfoliant pad.
• Determine the triggers for your sensitivity and avoid those products that contain them.
• Apply a rich moisturizer to replenish hydration and soothe the skin. Use sunscreen during the day to protect your skin from the sun.

Conclusion

Exfoliators are the scavengers of dead skin cells that make your skin lacklustre. Using the right exfoliators for your skin type can work wonders on the skin's health, texture and radiance.

How to exfoliate your skin-whether using natural ways to exfoliate your skin, physical or chemical exfoliators, use it only after understanding your skin type. After all, you do not need a red face when you go out!

Start with a conservative approach and gradually increase the frequency if your skin tolerates it well. Follow up with the aftercare procedure and give time for the skin to settle. If you're uncertain about how to incorporate exfoliation into your skincare routine or find exfoliants for dry skin, oily skin or sensitive skin, consider consulting a dermatologist for guidance.

So what are you waiting for? Slough away those dead skin cells and shake them off to regain your lost inner glow!